The world’s industrial fisheries

The worlds industrial fisheries can be considered predatory, as they hunt fish and other marine life on the behalf of flesh-eating humans. Therefore, these fisheries can be considered as competitors of the raw(a) predators that exist among marine wildlife, and the activities they perform adversely affect the population by reducing the number of fish available as work. Industrial fisheries usance as predator has been the cause of a major decline in the number of kittiwakes that exist in the northwestward ocean (Frederiksen, 2004).Since the beginning of the 1990s the population of these pelagic birds has declined by over 50%, and the black legged creatures (known scientifically as Rissa tridactyla) are thought to yield succumbed as a result of a step-down in their food depict caused by an interruption of the food chain (2007). Another factor that has been subservient in affecting the population of these black-legged kittiwakes in the North ocean has been the tack in oceanogra phic variables. Such factors as sea levels and temperature in the North sea have been monitored, and their changes have been shown to correlate with the general changes in the kittiwake population (2004 Wanless, et al., 2007). item research done over a 15-year period from 1986 to 2002 has confirmed that not only has significant increase in industrial fish of kittiwakes fertilise taken place, but similarly that significant oceanographic changes too occurred alongside these demographic changes.Kittiwakes and other pelagic birds demonstrate the existence of complex relationships between their feeding levels and their ability to produce offspring (Ollason et al., 1997). The most common form of prey for the black-legged kittiwakes is the sandeel, and it has been shown that during the most active period of sandeel (also known as sandlance) fishery (between 1991 and 1998) the extract of the adult population of kittiwakes showed a sharp and sustained decline (Frederiksen, 2004 Wanle ss, 2007).The growth of sandeel has affect the population of kittiwakes in other ways, as the breeding of the species also declined for subsequent generations. Since the longitudinal monitoring of the black-legged kittiwake population has spanned several years in front and after this sandeel-harvest period, research has been able to demonstrate that the kittiwake population was actually on the rise before industrial fish of sandeel (Ammodytes marinus) began. The change registered a 19% fall in the growth rate of the population, from +8% to -11% in honest eight years (2004).However, sandeel fishery has had more than just an immediate fix on the population of the kittiwakes. In recent years, this form of industrial fishing has experienced a decline that has proven favorable for the population of black-legged kittiwakes in the North Sea. Nevertheless, the current decline in industrial fishing of sandeel has failed to improve the situation for the kittiwake to a significant degre e, as the population continues to fall.Even the newly rarified breeding rates have still proven insufficient to study the population growth back up to what it was before it was adversely affected by industrial fishery (Frederiksen, 2004). In statistical models developed by researchers, the population decline promises to continue even if sandeel harvesting is low (2004). In order for the kittiwakes to flourish, such industrial fishing would need to cease tout ensemble for an extended period of several years.More recently, it has been demonstrated by dint of research that the sandeel that do survive have also been undergoing changes that may reduce their quality and nutritionary usefulness to the kittiwake population (Wanless, 2007). This is particularly important, as kittiwakes tend to go through an extensive and technical, yet very critical feeding stage former to breeding (Ollason et al., 1997). Analysis of the body composition of these sandeel has rendered low levels of lipi ds.The sandeel have also been appearing significantly later in the season than usual, and their body sizes have shown significant decline in the past three years (2007). bit it is not clear to what extent these changes may be attributed to industrial fishing, it major power be hypothesized that pollution may have a bearing on these variables. Oceanographic factors may also come into play in this area.The global warming changes to climate have affected oceanographic factors, and these effects have also resulted in a decline in the kittiwake population of the North Sea (Frederiksen, 2004 Wanless, 2007). The correlativity between the survival of adult kittiwakes and the increased temperature of the spend seas has been negative. In fact, the victor of kittiwake breeding has been recorded as showing a one-year wait (2004). The fact that the decline in industrial fishing of sandeel has been only minimally successful in causing the recovery of the kittiwake population indicates that the increased winter sea temperatures have taken a heavy toll on these pelagic birds.The association of the decline in kittiwakes with warm winter sea temperatures and increased industrial fishery has led to some difficult choices for humans. Since it is improbable that global warming can be reversed quickly or easily enough to decrease winter ocean temperatures and improve the see to it of black-legged kittiwakes, changes to industrial fishery is the most feasible solution. These changes ordain have to be drastic in order to garner any improvement in the kittiwake populations, considering that the damage to the population and its breeding processes have proven to be extensive.Therefore, the eff closure (for now) of the section of the fishery industry that harvests sandeel has been considered the only measure that will lead to the recovery of the kittiwake population (Frederiksen, 2004 Wanless, 2007). It might also be considered that reduction in marine pollution is likely to l ead to the improvement of the assign of the sandeel, which may in turn aid the growth of the kittiwake population by providing them greater nutrition. Therefore, decreasing its use of pollutants is another way in which the fishing industry may help the recovery of the black-legged kittiwake population in the North Sea.ReferencesFrederiksen, M. S. Wanless,M. P. Harris,P. Rothery,L. J. Wilson. (2004). The role of industrial fisheries and oceanographic change in the decline of North Sea black-legged black-legged kittiwakes. Journal of Applied Ecology, 41(6) 1129-1139.Ollason, J. G., A. D. Bryant, P. M. Davis, B. E. Scott & M. L. Tasker. (1997). Predicted seabird distribution in the North Sea the consequences of being hungry. Journal of Marine Science. 54(4) 507-517.Wanless, S., M. Frederiksen, F. Daunt, B. E. Scott & M. P. Harris. (2007). Black-legged kittiwakes as indicators of environmental change in the North Sea evidence from longterm studies. Progress in Oceanography, 71 (1) . 30-38.